Summary about Disease
Pectus carinatum, also known as pigeon chest, is a condition characterized by an outward protrusion of the sternum (breastbone) and ribs. This occurs due to abnormal cartilage growth connecting the ribs to the sternum. While often asymptomatic, it can sometimes cause discomfort, breathing difficulties, or psychological distress due to its appearance. Treatment options range from bracing to surgery, depending on the severity and impact on the individual.
Symptoms
Visible protrusion of the sternum and ribs.
Mild to moderate chest pain or discomfort.
Shortness of breath, especially during exercise.
Fatigue.
Rapid heartbeat.
Asthma symptoms may be exacerbated.
Body image issues or psychological distress.
Causes
Idiopathic: In many cases, the exact cause is unknown.
Cartilage Overgrowth: Abnormal growth of the cartilage connecting the ribs and sternum.
Genetic Predisposition: A family history of chest wall deformities increases the risk.
Underlying Conditions: Rarely, associated with conditions like Marfan syndrome, Morquio syndrome, or other connective tissue disorders.
Rickets: Vitamin D deficiency can cause bone deformities.
Medicine Used
There are no medications specifically used to treat pectus carinatum. Pain relievers, such as NSAIDs, may be used to manage any discomfort.
Is Communicable
Pectus carinatum is not a communicable disease. It is not caused by an infectious agent and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
There are no specific precautions to prevent pectus carinatum as the cause is often unknown or genetic. However, maintaining good posture, engaging in regular exercise, and addressing any underlying conditions may be beneficial. For individuals with pectus carinatum, precautions may include:
Avoiding activities that exacerbate chest pain or breathing difficulties.
Following bracing or treatment protocols as prescribed by a healthcare professional.
How long does an outbreak last?
Pectus carinatum is not an infectious disease and does not have outbreaks. It is a structural condition that develops over time.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical Examination: A doctor will visually assess the chest and feel the sternum and ribs.
Chest X-ray: To evaluate the shape and structure of the chest.
CT Scan: Provides a more detailed view of the chest wall and can help determine the severity of the deformity.
Pulmonary Function Tests: To assess lung capacity and function, particularly if breathing difficulties are present.
Echocardiogram: If cardiac symptoms exist to evaluate heart structure and function.
Timeline of Symptoms
9. Timeline of symptoms
Infancy/Early Childhood: May be subtle or not apparent.
Childhood/Adolescence (Growth Spurts): The protrusion often becomes more noticeable during periods of rapid growth.
Adulthood: The condition stabilizes, but symptoms (pain, breathing difficulties) may persist or worsen depending on severity.
Important Considerations
Psychological Impact: The appearance of pectus carinatum can significantly affect self-esteem, particularly during adolescence. Addressing body image concerns is crucial.
Severity: The severity of the deformity varies, and treatment should be tailored to the individual's specific case and symptoms.
Treatment Options: Bracing is often the first-line treatment for flexible deformities in younger individuals. Surgery may be considered for more severe or rigid cases.
Underlying Conditions: Rule out or manage any underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to the chest wall deformity.
Long-Term Monitoring: Regular follow-up with a healthcare professional is important to monitor the condition and address any complications.